What Is Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Dry ARMD)?
Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) is the most common form of macular degeneration, a progressive eye condition that affects the macula—the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. Dry ARMD accounts for about 80–90% of all ARMD cases and develops gradually, often over years.
What Causes Dry ARMD?
Dry ARMD occurs when the light-sensitive cells in the macula break down due to aging and other factors. Tiny yellow deposits called drusen accumulate under the retina, disrupting its function. Over time, these changes can lead to thinning and loss of macular tissue, resulting in vision loss.
Symptoms of Dry ARMD
In its early stages, Dry ARMD may not cause noticeable symptoms. As it progresses, common symptoms include:
- Blurry or fuzzy vision, especially for fine details.
- Difficulty reading or recognizing faces.
- A need for brighter lighting when performing close-up tasks.
- Dark or empty spots in the central vision.
Risk Factors for Dry ARMD
Several factors can increase the risk of developing Dry ARMD, such as:
- Age: Risk increases significantly after age 60.
- Family history: Genetics play a strong role.
- Smoking: Doubles the risk of developing ARMD.
- Diet and lifestyle: Poor nutrition and lack of exercise may contribute.
- UV exposure: Chronic sun exposure can damage retinal cells.
How Is Dry ARMD Managed?
While there is no cure for Dry ARMD, its progression can often be slowed with proper management:
- Dietary changes: A diet rich in leafy greens, fish, and antioxidant vitamins like lutein and zeaxanthin supports macular health.
- AREDS supplements: Specially formulated vitamins, based on the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), can slow the progression in moderate to advanced cases.
- Lifestyle modifications: Quitting smoking, wearing UV-protective sunglasses, and maintaining a healthy weight can help preserve vision.
- Regular monitoring: Using tools like an Amsler grid can help detect changes in vision early.
Conclusion
Dry ARMD can significantly impact quality of life, but with early detection and lifestyle changes, its progression can often be slowed. Regular eye exams are essential for identifying ARMD in its early stages. If you’re over 50 or have a family history of ARMD, schedule a check-up to protect your vision.